Dr David McGrath

Spine Physician

MB BS (Hons) FAFOM, RACP, FAFMM
Master of Pain Medicine

Chemical Messengers
1. Intercellular messengers/ modulating intercellular behaviour
2. Intra-cellular messengers/ modulating intra cellular behaviour
(cellular behaviour either internalised or reaches external export threshold)

HORMONES
Hormones are chemical messengers carried in the blood stream. They have different effects on different cells.

Export Tissue	Hormone	Structure	Import Tissue	Physiology
Pituitary (Anterior Hypothalamus)	TSH ACTH GHRH Prolactin Neurotensin LH FSH	Peptides	Thyroid AdrenalCortex Various Tissues
Pituitary (Posterior Hypothalamus)	Oxytonin ADH	Peptide	Breast
Adrenal Cortex	Cortisol Aldosterone DHEA	Steroids	Multiple Kidney
Adrenal Medulla	Adrenaline	Catechol/ amine	Multiple
Thyroid	Thyroxine T3,T4 Calcitonin		Multiple Bones
Parathyroid	PTH	Peptide	Bone,Kidney
Ovaries	Estradiol	Steroid	Uterus Multiple
Testis	Testosterone	Steroid	Multiple
GIT Liver	Gastrin Cholecystekinin Secretin Somatostatin	peptides	Stomach Pancreas Small Bowell
Intestine	Incretins	peptides	Pancreas	GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptide) GIP (glucose insulintropic peptide) Both metabolised DPP-4 enzyme
Pancreas	Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin	Peptides	Liver Multiple
Kidney	Renin		Mutiple
Adipose (Fat )	Lectin Adiponectin		Auto-Regulation
Multiple	Growth Hormone IGF1 IGF2	Peptides	Multiple
Skin	Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone MSH		Melanocytes
Pineal	MSH	Peptide	Multiple

EFFECTS
1.Sensory/motor behaviour of cells
2.Cellular health

eg
1.Inflammatory cells. Endothelium,white,platelets,RBC,myocytes. Contraction,migration,chemical release

Clinical
1.DPP-4 antagonists, for increased levels of post prandial insulin (Sitagliptin) (may prolong sub P activity)
2.GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin agonists)
(to be continued)

Tumours
Neuro-Endocrine Tumours (NET's)
1. Carcinoid Tumours(becoming obsolete term) (serotonin secreting) from GIT, mostly ilium
2. PET's (Pancreatic Endocrine Tumours). A host of hormones, with protean effects

Growth hormone
1. Somatotrophin (Growth Hormone)
2. Somatomedins(IGF-1,2)
3. Somatostatins